AE 2020

LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMICS

 

 

Course Downloads

 

Equation Sheets and Reference Material

Link

Math Review Equations

Math_Review.pdf

Conservation Equation Summary

conseq.html

Mass Flow Integration Example

Math_MassEx.PDF

 

Class Assignments & Quizzes

Link

Homework Assignment #1

Due: Thur. 1/20/2005

HW_1.pdf

Homework Assignment #2

Due: Thur. 2/3/2005

HW_2.pdf

Solutions to Assignment #1

HW1_sol.pdf

Equations for Homework Quiz on Assn. #2

To be held Thur. 2/10/2005

HWQ2_Eqns.PDF

Homework Assignment #3

Due: Thur. 2/17/2005

HW_3.pdf

Solutions to Assignment #2

HW2_sol.pdf

Equations for Homework Quiz on Assn. #3

To be held Thur. 2/24/2005

HWQ3_Equations.PDF

Homework Assignment #4

Due Thur. 2/24/2005

This assignment will NOT be accepted late

No Homework Quiz to be held on this assignment.

HW_4.pdf

Equations for Exam #1 will be held Tue. 3/1/2005

E1_Equations.pdf

Solutions to Assignment #3

HW3_sol.PDF

Solutions to Assignment #4

HW4_sol.pdf

Homework Assignment #5

Due: Tue. 3/15/2005

HW_5.pdf

Equations for Homework Quiz on Assn. #5

To be held Tue 3/29/2005

HWQ5_Eqns.PDF

Solutions to Assignment #5

HW5_sol.pdf

Homework Assignment #6

Due: Tue. 4/5/2005

HW_6.pdf

Equations for Homework Quiz on Assn #6

To be held Tue 4/12/2005

HWQ6_Eqns.PDF

Solutions to Assignment #6

HW6_sol.pdf

Homework Assignment #7

Due: Thur. 4/14/2005

This assignment will NOT be accepted late

HW_7.pdf

Equations for Exam #2

To be held Tue. 4/19/2005

E2_Equations.pdf

Solutions to Assignment #7

HW7_sol.PDF

Homework Assignment #8

Due: Not to be turned in for grade, however,

HW Quiz to be held along with Final Exam during Final Exam Period

HW_8.PDF

Solutions to Assignment #8

Avail. outside Guggenheim Rm. 362

Final Exam and HW Quiz on Assn. #8:

Section A (Morning Class):

          Wed. 5/4/2005 8am-10:50am

Section B (Afternoon Class):

          Mon. 5/2/2005 11:30am-2:20pm

Equations for Final Exam and HW Quiz on Assn. #8:

Final_Equations.pdf

 

Lecture Notes

Link

Course Introduction

Introduction.pdf

Conservation Laws 1

conservation1.pdf

Mass Flow Rate 1

massflow1.pdf

Control Vol. & Control Mass

CV_CM.pdf

Continuity in Integral Form

MassIng1.pdf

Continuity in PDE form

MassPDE1.pdf

Momentum Eqn 1

MomIngNew.pdf

Wake Rake Example 1

WakeRake2.pdf

Momentum in PDE form

MomPDE1.pdf

Jet Exit Conditions

JetExit.pdf

Pipe example

Expipeall.pdf

Substantial Derivative

SubDeriv.pdf

Streamlines & Pathlines

StrmPath.pdf

Angular Velocity and Vorticity

Vorticity.pdf

Bernoulli Equation

ChapterIIH4Ruff.pdf

Circulation

Circulation.pdf

Velocity Potential

VelPotential.pdf

Stream Function

StrmFunc.pdf

Laplace Eqn

Laplace.pdf

Sources & Sinks

ChapterIIIPII.pdf

Doublet

Doublet.PDF

Flow over Circular Cylinder

ChapterIIIPIII.pdf

Elementary Flows and Cylinder Flow images

Basic_Cyl_pics.PDF

Cylinder Cd (Fig. 3.20)

CylinderCd.PDF

Lifting flow over Circular Cylinder

ChapterIIIPIV.pdf

Lifting Cylinder images

Spin_Cyl_pics.PDF

Generation of Lift

Lift.pdf

Airfoil Nomenclature

AirfoilNomenclature.pdf

Thin Airfoil Theory Introduction

ThinAiroilIntro.pdf

Thin Airfoil Theory Derivation

ThinAirfoilDeriv.pdf

Thin Airfoil Theory Symmetric

ThinAirfoilSym.pdf

Experimental Airfoil Lift and Drag

ClCd_Pics.PDF

Thin Airfoil Theory Cambered

ThinAirfoilCam.pdf

Finite Wing Theory Introduction

FWIntro.pdf

Finite Wing Theory Derivation

FWDeriv.pdf

Finite Wing Theory Results

FWResult.pdf

Finite Wing Final Results

FWFinalResults.pdf

Introduction to Viscosity

ViscIntro.pdf

Boundary Layer Analysis

BLanalysis.pdf

Skin Friction

SkinFric.pdf

Streamwise Pressure Gradient

PressGrad.pdf

 

Assigned Reading:

Note: In table below, currently and previously assigned reading are highlighted in red.

Anderson Textbook

Bertin Textbook

Web

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

All Lecture notes to date

Sections 2.1-2.6.1

Sections 2.1-2.4

Web: Course Introduction

Sections 2.7-2.8

Sections 2.7-2.10

Math Review Equations

Sections 2.9-2.12

Sections 3.1-3.6

 

Sections 2.13-2.18

Sections 3.7-3.11

 

Sections 3.1-3.5

Sections 3.11-3.14

 

Sections 3.6-3.8

Sections 3.15-3.16

 

Sections 3.9-3.14

Sections 6.1-6.4

 

Sections 3.15-3.16

Sections 6.5-6.5.2

 

Sections 3.17-3.21

Sections 5.1-5.4.3

 

Sections 4.1-4.7

Sections 5.5-5.5.3

 

Sections 4.8-4.15

Sections 2.5-2.6

 

Sections 5.1-5.3

Sections 4.1-4.7.2

 

Section 5.4, 5.9

Sections 5.4.4-5.4.5

 

Chapter 15

 

 

Sections 16.1-16.3

 

 

Sections 16.5-16.6

 

 

Chapter 17

 

 

Sections 18.1-18.2

 

 

Sections 19.1-19.2 (except 19.2.1)

 

 

 

Course Description: Basic results, conservation laws, potential, airfoil and wing analysis. Boundary layers on plates and airfoils. Pressure gradients. Introduction to turbulence and vortex-dominated flows.  Units = 3-0-3.

 

Learning Objectives:

  • How aerodynamic lift, drag and pitching moment are generated, and how they act.
  • Basic physical approach to describing fluid dynamics.
  • Potential flow concept to describe and predict aerodynamics.
  • Thin-airfoil theory and genesis of the results of 2-D incompressible results.
  • Finite-Wing effects and their modeling.
  • Lifting-line approach to calculate lift and induced drag on wings.
  • Boundary-layer concept to describe effects of viscosity.
  • Simple models of the boundary layer .
  • Physical concepts of turbulence and its effects.
  • Features of flows at high angles of attack.

 

Prerequisites:

·         Material

1.      Newton's laws of motion

2.      Basic Trigonometry

3.      Concept of scalars and vectors: dot products, cross-products, curl.

4.      Partial derivatives; contour, surface and volume integrals.

5.      Computer literacy for problem-solving using spreadsheets, 2-D plots

6.      Chemistry: perfect gas equation, Avogadro's Number.

·         Courses

1.      MATH 2401 or MATH 2411 or MATH 24x1

2.      PHYS 2211

3.      AE 1350

 

Class Hours:

Section A: T Th 9:35am 10:55am

Section B: T Th 1:35pm 2:55pm

 

Instructors:

Dr. S.M. Ruffin                       404-894-8200

                        Guggenheim Bldg. Rm 362    Email: stephen.ruffin@aerospace.gatech.edu

                        Office Hours: Wed. 2-4 pm or other times by appointment

 

Graders:

Section A (Morning class):

Mr. Kilsoo KimEmail:           gtg229q@mail.gatech.edu

Section B: (Afternoon class):

Mr. Susheel-Kumar Sekar: gtg081j@mail.gatech.edu

(404) 894-0551

                       

Primary Text:

·         Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, Anderson, J.D., 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2001.

 

Reference Material:

·         Aerodynamics for Engineers, Bertin, J.L., Prentice Hall, 4th  Edition, 2002  OR Aerodynamics for Engineers, Bertin, J.L. and Smith, M.L., Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition, 1998.

·         http://www.adl.gatech.edu/ : especially Aerodynamics & Fluids Sub-Discipline, Low-Speed Aerodynamics course material

 

Homework Assignments:

·         Discussing formulation of problems and approach is fine but each student must work the final solutions alone.  You must show your work for credit and what you turn in must represent your own work.

·         For each homework assignment, you will receive either full-credit (100%), half credit (50%) or no-credit (0%).

·         Full credit (100%) will be given if 1) most of the problems are done correctly and 2) it is clear that a serious attempt was made for each and every problem on the assignment.

·         Half credit (50%) will be given if 1) some of the problems are done correctly and 2) it is clear that a serious attempt was made for each and every problem on the assignment.

·         All assignments must be turned in to the instructor by the beginning of class on the date indicated.

·        Homework turned in 1 class period late is deducted 20% credit.

·        Homework not accepted if turned in more than one class period late (except documented emergency).

 

 

Homework Quizzes:

·         Several (approx. 5-7) homework quizzes will be given in class and numerical grades will be assigned.  These homework quizzes will consist of one or two problems identical or similar to the assigned homework.

 

Exams: Equations will be provided.  Otherwise, closed book and closed notes.  No other information sources can be used (except your own brain)

 

Honor Code:

Students in this course and all other course at Georgia Tech must abide by the Georgia Tech Honor Code.  Please read the text of the Georgia Tech Honor Code which can be found on the internet at http://www.honor.gatech.edu/

 

Tentatively, the final grade will be based on:

·         Homework Assignments 10%

·         Homework Quizzes         20%

·         Exam #1                           20%

·         Exam #2                           20%

·         Final Exam                       30%

Note: The weighting above is subject to change.

 


 

AE 2020

LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMICS

 

Lecture Topics

 

Introduction to Aerodynamics

 

Conservation Laws

·         Laws of physics: Mass, momentum & energy conservation. Simplifications.

·         Relating line, area and volume integrals.

·         Incompressible & steady flows. Euler's equation, Bernoulli's equation, pressure coefficient.

 

Fluid Motion

·         Streamlines, translation, dilatation, rotation and vorticity, strain, viscosity, circulation

 

Potential Flow Method

·         Velocity potential; Laplace equation; superposition of solutions, boundary conditions.

·         Elementary solutions: uniform flow, source/sink, doublet, vortex.

 

Airfoils

·         Specifying circulation and the Kutta condition. Airfoil shape.

·         Vortex sheet. Thin airfoil theory.

·         Sectional lift coefficient, lift curve slope, center of pressure, aerodynamic center.

 

Computational Methods for Potential Flow

·         Panel methods.

 

Wings

·         Observed characteristics, trailing vortices, vortex sheet, starting vortex.

·         Downwash, induced drag, aspect ratio, lift coefficient, drag coefficient.

·         Vortex filament and Biot-Savart Law, Helmholtz's vortex theorems.

·         Prandtl's lifting line theory, Glauert solution, elliptical lift distribution.

 

Viscosity

·         Simple solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations.

·         Incompressible boundary layer equations: exact solutions.

·         Boundary layer over a flat plate

·         Pressure gradient effects.

·         Momentum integral approach: general discussion

·         Turbulence and its effects

 

Vortex-Dominated Flows

·         Flow over swept wings; pointed bodies at angle of attack.